feat: move automations into a first-party plugin

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/conditions.test.ts

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+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  compare,
+  extractMetricValue,
+  hasDwelled,
+  isCoolingDown,
+  metricStateKey,
+  severityForValue,
+  type MetricsSnapshot,
+} from "../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/conditions.js";
+
+const metrics: MetricsSnapshot = {
+  cpu: { percent: 42.5, load: [1.5, 1.2, 0.9] },
+  memory: { percent: 61, usedGiB: 7.5 },
+  disk: {
+    percent: 30,
+    filesystems: [
+      { mount: "/", percent: 30, availableBytes: 100 },
+      { mount: "/data", percent: 93.4, availableBytes: 25 },
+    ],
+  },
+  network: {
+    interfaces: [
+      { name: "eth0", rxBytes: "1000", txBytes: "2000" },
+      { name: "eth1", rxBytes: "50", txBytes: "60" },
+    ],
+  },
+  temperature: { highestCelsius: 71 },
+  uptime: { seconds: 86400 },
+  processes: { total: 210 },
+};
+
+describe("extractMetricValue", () => {
+  it("reads simple scalar paths", () => {
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "cpu.percent" })).toBe(42.5);
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "memory.percent" })).toBe(61);
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "temperature.highestCelsius" }),
+    ).toBe(71);
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "uptime.seconds" })).toBe(86400);
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "processes.total" })).toBe(210);
+  });
+
+  it("reads load averages positionally", () => {
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "cpu.load1" })).toBe(1.5);
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "cpu.load15" })).toBe(0.9);
+  });
+
+  it("reads a specific mount rather than the aggregate", () => {
+    // The motivating case: /data is nearly full while / is fine.
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" }),
+    ).toBe(93.4);
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "disk.percent" })).toBe(30);
+  });
+
+  it("returns null for a mount that is not present", () => {
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/nope" }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("selects a named interface and coerces string counters", () => {
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "network.rxBytes", iface: "eth1" }),
+    ).toBe(50);
+    expect(extractMetricValue(metrics, { path: "network.rxBytes" })).toBe(1000);
+  });
+
+  it("extracts per-interface network rates for bandwidth alerts", () => {
+    const rateMetrics = {
+      network: {
+        interfaces: [
+          { name: "eth0", rxRateBps: 1024, txRateBps: 2048 },
+          { name: "eth1", rxRateBps: 4096, txRateBps: 8192 },
+        ],
+      },
+    };
+
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue(rateMetrics, {
+        path: "network.rxRateBps",
+        iface: "eth1",
+      }),
+    ).toBe(4096);
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue(rateMetrics, {
+        path: "network.txRateBps",
+        iface: "eth0",
+      }),
+    ).toBe(2048);
+  });
+
+  it("returns null for missing metrics rather than throwing", () => {
+    expect(extractMetricValue(null, { path: "cpu.percent" })).toBeNull();
+    expect(extractMetricValue({}, { path: "cpu.percent" })).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      extractMetricValue({ cpu: { percent: null } }, { path: "cpu.percent" }),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("metricStateKey", () => {
+  it("scopes state per mount so dwell tracks one filesystem", () => {
+    expect(metricStateKey(7, { path: "disk.percent" })).toBe("7");
+    expect(metricStateKey(7, { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" })).toBe(
+      "7:/data",
+    );
+    expect(metricStateKey(7, { path: "network.rxBytes", iface: "eth1" })).toBe(
+      "7:eth1",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("compare", () => {
+  it("handles numeric operators", () => {
+    expect(compare(93, ">", 90)).toBe(true);
+    expect(compare(90, ">", 90)).toBe(false);
+    expect(compare(90, ">=", 90)).toBe(true);
+    expect(compare(10, "<", 90)).toBe(true);
+    expect(compare(90, "<=", 90)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("compares numeric strings numerically", () => {
+    expect(compare("93", ">", "90")).toBe(true);
+    // Lexically "9" > "10", so this would be wrong as a string compare.
+    expect(compare("9", "<", "10")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to string equality for non-numeric values", () => {
+    expect(compare("running", "==", "running")).toBe(true);
+    expect(compare("running", "!=", "exited")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("handles containment", () => {
+    expect(compare("disk full", "contains", "full")).toBe(true);
+    expect(compare("disk full", "not_contains", "full")).toBe(false);
+    expect(compare("all good", "not_contains", "error")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("treats changed as inequality of the rendered values", () => {
+    expect(compare("online", "changed", "offline")).toBe(true);
+    expect(compare("online", "changed", "online")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("is false when a numeric comparison has a non-numeric side", () => {
+    expect(compare("abc", ">", 5)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isCoolingDown", () => {
+  const now = Date.parse("2026-01-01T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+  it("is false when nothing has fired yet", () => {
+    expect(isCoolingDown(null, 15, now)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("is true inside the window and false outside it", () => {
+    expect(isCoolingDown("2026-01-01T11:50:00.000Z", 15, now)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isCoolingDown("2026-01-01T11:40:00.000Z", 15, now)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("treats a zero cooldown as always ready", () => {
+    expect(isCoolingDown("2026-01-01T11:59:59.000Z", 0, now)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("hasDwelled", () => {
+  const now = Date.parse("2026-01-01T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+  it("fires immediately when no window is configured", () => {
+    expect(hasDwelled(null, undefined, now)).toBe(true);
+    expect(hasDwelled(null, 0, now)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("requires the window to have elapsed", () => {
+    expect(hasDwelled("2026-01-01T11:49:00.000Z", 600, now)).toBe(true);
+    expect(hasDwelled("2026-01-01T11:55:00.000Z", 600, now)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("is false when a window is set but no breach is open", () => {
+    expect(hasDwelled(null, 600, now)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("severityForValue", () => {
+  it("escalates at 95 and honours an explicit override", () => {
+    expect(severityForValue(96)).toBe("critical");
+    expect(severityForValue(90)).toBe("warning");
+    expect(severityForValue(96, "info")).toBe("info");
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/cron.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  computeNextDueAt,
+  isValidCron,
+  isValidTimezone,
+  nextCronRun,
+  parseCron,
+} from "../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/cron.js";
+
+describe("parseCron", () => {
+  it("rejects anything that is not five fields", () => {
+    expect(() => parseCron("* * * *")).toThrow(/five fields/);
+    expect(() => parseCron("* * * * * *")).toThrow(/five fields/);
+  });
+
+  it("expands wildcards, lists, ranges and steps", () => {
+    const fields = parseCron("0,30 9-17 * * 1-5");
+    expect([...fields.minutes]).toEqual([0, 30]);
+    expect([...fields.hours]).toEqual([9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]);
+    expect([...fields.daysOfWeek]).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    expect(fields.dowRestricted).toBe(true);
+    expect(fields.domRestricted).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("supports step syntax", () => {
+    expect([...parseCron("*/15 * * * *").minutes]).toEqual([0, 15, 30, 45]);
+  });
+
+  it("accepts month and day names", () => {
+    expect([...parseCron("0 0 1 jan *").months]).toEqual([1]);
+    expect([...parseCron("0 0 * * sun").daysOfWeek]).toEqual([0]);
+  });
+
+  it("treats day 7 as Sunday", () => {
+    expect([...parseCron("0 0 * * 7").daysOfWeek]).toEqual([0]);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects out of range values", () => {
+    expect(() => parseCron("60 * * * *")).toThrow(/out of range/);
+    expect(() => parseCron("* 24 * * *")).toThrow(/out of range/);
+    expect(() => parseCron("* * 0 * *")).toThrow(/out of range/);
+  });
+
+  it("reports validity without throwing", () => {
+    expect(isValidCron("*/5 * * * *")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValidCron("nonsense")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("nextCronRun", () => {
+  it("finds the next matching minute", () => {
+    const from = new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 3, 30);
+    expect(nextCronRun("*/15 * * * *", from)).toEqual(
+      new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 15, 0, 0),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("never returns the starting minute", () => {
+    const from = new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 0, 0);
+    expect(nextCronRun("0 * * * *", from)).toEqual(
+      new Date(2026, 0, 1, 11, 0, 0, 0),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("rolls into the next day", () => {
+    const from = new Date(2026, 0, 1, 23, 45, 0);
+    expect(nextCronRun("0 2 * * *", from)).toEqual(
+      new Date(2026, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("unions day-of-month and day-of-week when both are set", () => {
+    // The 15th, or any Monday.
+    const from = new Date(2026, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const next = nextCronRun("0 0 15 * 1", from);
+    expect(next).not.toBeNull();
+    const isFifteenth = next!.getDate() === 15;
+    const isMonday = next!.getDay() === 1;
+    expect(isFifteenth || isMonday).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("gives up on a date that can never match", () => {
+    expect(nextCronRun("0 0 30 2 *", new Date(2026, 0, 1))).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("computeNextDueAt", () => {
+  it("prefers an interval over a cron expression", () => {
+    const from = new Date("2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+    expect(
+      computeNextDueAt({ intervalSeconds: 300, cron: "0 0 * * *" }, from),
+    ).toBe("2026-01-01T00:05:00.000Z");
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to cron", () => {
+    const from = new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 0, 0);
+    const due = computeNextDueAt({ cron: "30 10 * * *" }, from);
+    expect(due).toBe(new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 30, 0, 0).toISOString());
+  });
+
+  it("returns null when nothing is scheduled", () => {
+    expect(computeNextDueAt({})).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("passes the zone through to the cron evaluation", () => {
+    // 02:00 in Tokyo on 2026-06-02 is 17:00 UTC on 2026-06-01.
+    const from = new Date("2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+    expect(
+      computeNextDueAt({ cron: "0 2 * * *", timezone: "Asia/Tokyo" }, from),
+    ).toBe("2026-06-01T17:00:00.000Z");
+  });
+
+  it("ignores the zone for interval schedules", () => {
+    const from = new Date("2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+    expect(
+      computeNextDueAt({ intervalSeconds: 600, timezone: "Asia/Tokyo" }, from),
+    ).toBe("2026-01-01T00:10:00.000Z");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("time zone handling", () => {
+  it("resolves a daily cron against the given zone", () => {
+    const from = new Date("2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+    // 09:30 New York in June (UTC-4) is 13:30 UTC.
+    const next = nextCronRun("30 9 * * *", from, "America/New_York");
+    expect(next?.toISOString()).toBe("2026-06-01T13:30:00.000Z");
+  });
+
+  it("tracks daylight saving, so the UTC instant shifts by an hour", () => {
+    const summer = nextCronRun(
+      "0 12 * * *",
+      new Date("2026-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
+      "America/New_York",
+    );
+    const winter = nextCronRun(
+      "0 12 * * *",
+      new Date("2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"),
+      "America/New_York",
+    );
+
+    // Noon local both times, but UTC-4 in July and UTC-5 in January.
+    expect(summer?.toISOString()).toBe("2026-07-01T16:00:00.000Z");
+    expect(winter?.toISOString()).toBe("2026-01-01T17:00:00.000Z");
+  });
+
+  it("matches the day of week in the target zone, not the server's", () => {
+    // 23:00 UTC Sunday is already Monday in Tokyo.
+    const next = nextCronRun(
+      "0 8 * * mon",
+      new Date("2026-06-07T22:00:00.000Z"),
+      "Asia/Tokyo",
+    );
+    expect(next?.toISOString()).toBe("2026-06-07T23:00:00.000Z");
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to server time for an unknown zone instead of throwing", () => {
+    const from = new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 0, 0);
+    const next = nextCronRun("30 10 * * *", from, "Not/AZone");
+    expect(next).toEqual(new Date(2026, 0, 1, 10, 30, 0, 0));
+  });
+
+  it("handles midnight, which some hour cycles format as 24", () => {
+    const next = nextCronRun(
+      "0 0 * * *",
+      new Date("2026-06-01T10:00:00.000Z"),
+      "UTC",
+    );
+    expect(next?.toISOString()).toBe("2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isValidTimezone", () => {
+  it("accepts real zones", () => {
+    expect(isValidTimezone("UTC")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Europe/London")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects made-up ones", () => {
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Middle/Earth")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/docker-watcher.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  diffContainerStates,
+  parseContainerStates,
+} from "../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/docker-watcher.js";
+
+/**
+ * The polling side needs SSH, so what is tested here is the pure part: turning
+ * `docker ps` output into states, and turning two snapshots into events.
+ */
+
+describe("parseContainerStates", () => {
+  it("reads name, state and health out of the ps output", () => {
+    const output = [
+      '{"name":"web","state":"running","status":"Up 2 hours"}',
+      '{"name":"db","state":"exited","status":"Exited (0) 5 minutes ago"}',
+      '{"name":"api","state":"running","status":"Up 1 hour (unhealthy)"}',
+    ].join("\n");
+
+    const states = parseContainerStates(output);
+
+    expect(states.get("web")).toEqual({ state: "running", unhealthy: false });
+    expect(states.get("db")).toEqual({ state: "exited", unhealthy: false });
+    expect(states.get("api")).toEqual({ state: "running", unhealthy: true });
+  });
+
+  it("skips blank and malformed lines rather than failing the poll", () => {
+    const output = [
+      '{"name":"web","state":"running","status":"Up"}',
+      "",
+      "not json at all",
+      '{"state":"running"}',
+    ].join("\n");
+
+    const states = parseContainerStates(output);
+    expect([...states.keys()]).toEqual(["web"]);
+  });
+
+  it("returns nothing for empty output", () => {
+    expect(parseContainerStates("").size).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("diffContainerStates", () => {
+  const running = { state: "running", unhealthy: false };
+  const exited = { state: "exited", unhealthy: false };
+
+  it("reports a container that stopped", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(
+      new Map([["web", running]]),
+      new Map([["web", exited]]),
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual([{ container: "web", event: "exited" }]);
+  });
+
+  it("reports a container that started", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(
+      new Map([["web", exited]]),
+      new Map([["web", running]]),
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual([{ container: "web", event: "started" }]);
+  });
+
+  it("reports a container that began restarting", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(
+      new Map([["web", running]]),
+      new Map([["web", { state: "restarting", unhealthy: false }]]),
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual([{ container: "web", event: "restarting" }]);
+  });
+
+  it("reports a container that went unhealthy while still running", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(
+      new Map([["web", running]]),
+      new Map([["web", { state: "running", unhealthy: true }]]),
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual([{ container: "web", event: "unhealthy" }]);
+  });
+
+  it("stays quiet when nothing changed", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(
+      new Map([["web", running]]),
+      new Map([["web", running]]),
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("does not re-announce a container that is still unhealthy", () => {
+    const unhealthy = { state: "running", unhealthy: true };
+    const events = diffContainerStates(
+      new Map([["web", unhealthy]]),
+      new Map([["web", unhealthy]]),
+    );
+    expect(events).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  // A first sighting is a baseline, not an event: otherwise every container
+  // running at boot would report itself as freshly started.
+  it("treats a newly seen container as a baseline", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(new Map(), new Map([["web", running]]));
+    expect(events).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores a container that disappeared", () => {
+    const events = diffContainerStates(new Map([["web", running]]), new Map());
+    expect(events).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/engine.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type {
+  AutomationDefinition,
+  Step,
+} from "../../../../types/automations.js";
+
+/**
+ * The engine reaches the database through the repository factory and the
+ * outside world through the step executors, so both are mocked here. What is
+ * under test is the run loop itself: ordering, branching, error policy,
+ * concurrency, recursion and dry-run.
+ */
+
+interface FakeAutomation {
+  id: number;
+  userId: string;
+  name: string;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  definition: string;
+  concurrencyPolicy: string;
+  maxRunSeconds: number;
+  dryRun: boolean;
+}
+
+const automations = new Map<number, FakeAutomation>();
+const runs: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+const runSteps: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+let nextRunId = 1;
+let nextStepRowId = 1;
+
+const repository = {
+  findById: vi.fn(async (id: number) => automations.get(id) ?? null),
+  createRun: vi.fn(async (input: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const run = { id: nextRunId++, ...input };
+    runs.push(run);
+    return run;
+  }),
+  finishRun: vi.fn(async (runId: number, input: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const run = runs.find((entry) => entry.id === runId);
+    if (run) Object.assign(run, input);
+  }),
+  createRunStep: vi.fn(async (input: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const id = nextStepRowId++;
+    runSteps.push({ id, ...input });
+    return id;
+  }),
+  finishRunStep: vi.fn(async (id: number, input: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const step = runSteps.find((entry) => entry.id === id);
+    if (step) Object.assign(step, input);
+  }),
+};
+
+const resolveHostById = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("../../../hosts/host-resolver.js", () => ({
+  resolveHostById: (...args: unknown[]) => resolveHostById(...args),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../database/repositories/factory.js", () => ({
+  createCurrentAutomationRepository: () => repository,
+}));
+
+const executeStep = vi.fn();
+vi.mock("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/actions/index.js", () => ({
+  executeStep: (...args: unknown[]) => executeStep(...args),
+}));
+
+const { AutomationEngine } =
+  await import("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/engine.js");
+
+function defineAutomation(
+  steps: Step[],
+  overrides: Partial<FakeAutomation> = {},
+): FakeAutomation {
+  const definition: AutomationDefinition = {
+    version: 1,
+    trigger: { kind: "webhook", tokenHash: "x" },
+    steps,
+  };
+  const automation: FakeAutomation = {
+    id: overrides.id ?? 1,
+    userId: "user-1",
+    name: "Test",
+    enabled: true,
+    definition: JSON.stringify(definition),
+    concurrencyPolicy: "skip",
+    maxRunSeconds: 300,
+    dryRun: false,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+  automations.set(automation.id, automation);
+  return automation;
+}
+
+function step(partial: Partial<Step> & { id: string; type: string }): Step {
+  return partial as Step;
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  automations.clear();
+  runs.length = 0;
+  runSteps.length = 0;
+  nextRunId = 1;
+  nextStepRowId = 1;
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+  resolveHostById.mockResolvedValue(null);
+  executeStep.mockResolvedValue({ success: true, output: "ok" });
+  // The singleton carries in-flight state between tests.
+  (AutomationEngine as unknown as { instance?: unknown }).instance = undefined;
+});
+
+describe("AutomationEngine.run", () => {
+  it("adds the trigger host name to the template context", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([step({ id: "notify", type: "notify" })]);
+    resolveHostById.mockResolvedValue({
+      name: "Proxmox Node",
+      ip: "10.0.0.11",
+      username: "root",
+      port: 22,
+    });
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "metric_threshold",
+      triggerHostId: 11,
+      triggerContext: { hostId: 11, value: 97 },
+    });
+
+    const context = executeStep.mock.calls[0][1] as {
+      template: {
+        host: { id: number; name: string };
+        trigger: { hostName: string };
+      };
+    };
+    expect(context.template.host).toMatchObject({
+      id: 11,
+      name: "Proxmox Node",
+    });
+    expect(context.template.trigger.hostName).toBe("Proxmox Node");
+  });
+  it("runs steps in order and records each one", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" }),
+      step({ id: "b", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("success");
+    expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepId)).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+    expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepIndex)).toEqual([0, 1]);
+  });
+
+  it("fails the run and stops when a step fails under the default policy", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" }),
+      step({ id: "b", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({ success: false, error: "boom" });
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("failed");
+    expect(outcome.error).toBe("boom");
+    expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps going when a step is marked continue-on-error", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "a", type: "run_command", onError: "continue" }),
+      step({ id: "b", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({ success: false, error: "boom" });
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("success");
+    expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it("skips disabled steps", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "a", type: "run_command", enabled: false }),
+      step({ id: "b", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepId)).toEqual(["b"]);
+  });
+
+  it("passes earlier step output to later steps", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "first", type: "run_command" }),
+      step({ id: "second", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({ success: true, output: "hello" });
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    const secondCallContext = executeStep.mock.calls[1][1] as {
+      template: { steps: Record<string, { stdout: string }> };
+    };
+    expect(secondCallContext.template.steps.first.stdout).toBe("hello");
+  });
+
+  it("merges variables set by a step into the template context", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "setter", type: "set_var" }),
+      step({ id: "next", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      success: true,
+      output: "x = 1",
+      vars: { x: "1" },
+    });
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    const context = executeStep.mock.calls[1][1] as {
+      template: { vars: Record<string, string> };
+    };
+    expect(context.template.vars.x).toBe("1");
+  });
+
+  describe("if branching", () => {
+    it("runs the then branch when the condition matches", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([
+        step({
+          id: "cond",
+          type: "if",
+          condition: { left: "93", operator: ">", right: "90" },
+          then: [step({ id: "yes", type: "http" })],
+          else: [step({ id: "no", type: "http" })],
+        }),
+      ]);
+
+      await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+
+      expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepId)).toEqual(["cond", "yes"]);
+    });
+
+    it("runs the else branch when it does not", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([
+        step({
+          id: "cond",
+          type: "if",
+          condition: { left: "10", operator: ">", right: "90" },
+          then: [step({ id: "yes", type: "http" })],
+          else: [step({ id: "no", type: "http" })],
+        }),
+      ]);
+
+      await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+
+      expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepId)).toEqual(["cond", "no"]);
+    });
+
+    it("resolves templates on both sides of the condition", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([
+        step({
+          id: "cond",
+          type: "if",
+          condition: {
+            left: "{{trigger.value}}",
+            operator: ">=",
+            right: "90",
+          },
+          then: [step({ id: "yes", type: "http" })],
+        }),
+      ]);
+
+      await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "metric_threshold",
+        triggerContext: { value: 95 },
+      });
+
+      expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepId)).toEqual(["cond", "yes"]);
+    });
+
+    it("treats an empty else as a no-op", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([
+        step({
+          id: "cond",
+          type: "if",
+          condition: { left: "1", operator: "==", right: "2" },
+          then: [step({ id: "yes", type: "http" })],
+        }),
+        step({ id: "after", type: "http" }),
+      ]);
+
+      await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+
+      expect(runSteps.map((s) => s.stepId)).toEqual(["cond", "after"]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("halts the run when a step returns a stop signal", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([
+      step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" }),
+      step({ id: "b", type: "http" }),
+    ]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      success: true,
+      halt: { status: "success" },
+    });
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("success");
+    expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("marks the run failed when a stop step asks for failure", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" })]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      success: true,
+      halt: { status: "failed" },
+    });
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("failed");
+  });
+
+  describe("recursion protection", () => {
+    it("refuses to re-enter an automation already in the chain", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([
+        step({ id: "nested", type: "run_automation", automationId: 1 }),
+      ]);
+
+      const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+
+      // The nested call is refused, and the refusal is recorded on the step.
+      const nestedStep = runSteps.find((s) => s.stepId === "nested");
+      expect(nestedStep?.status).toBe("failed");
+      expect(String(nestedStep?.error)).toMatch(
+        /already running in this chain/,
+      );
+      expect(outcome.status).toBe("failed");
+    });
+
+    it("refuses a mutual cycle between two automations", async () => {
+      defineAutomation(
+        [step({ id: "toB", type: "run_automation", automationId: 2 })],
+        { id: 1 },
+      );
+      defineAutomation(
+        [step({ id: "toA", type: "run_automation", automationId: 1 })],
+        { id: 2 },
+      );
+
+      await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+
+      const inner = runSteps.find((s) => s.stepId === "toA");
+      expect(inner?.status).toBe("failed");
+      expect(String(inner?.error)).toMatch(/already running in this chain/);
+    });
+
+    it("refuses to nest deeper than the maximum depth", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "http" })]);
+
+      const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+        depth: 99,
+      });
+
+      expect(outcome.status).toBe("failed");
+      expect(outcome.error).toMatch(/depth/);
+      expect(runs).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("concurrency", () => {
+    it("records a skipped run rather than dropping it silently", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([step({ id: "slow", type: "run_command" })], {
+        concurrencyPolicy: "skip",
+      });
+
+      let release: () => void = () => {};
+      executeStep.mockImplementationOnce(
+        () =>
+          new Promise((resolve) => {
+            release = () => resolve({ success: true, output: "done" });
+          }),
+      );
+
+      const engine = AutomationEngine.getInstance();
+      const first = engine.run({ automationId: 1, triggerType: "manual" });
+      // Let the first run register itself as in flight.
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+
+      const second = await engine.run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+      expect(second.status).toBe("skipped");
+
+      release();
+      await first;
+
+      const skipped = runs.find((run) => run.status === "skipped");
+      expect(skipped).toBeDefined();
+      expect(String(skipped?.error)).toMatch(/still in progress/);
+    });
+
+    it("skips the second of two triggers that arrive in the same tick", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([step({ id: "slow", type: "run_command" })], {
+        concurrencyPolicy: "skip",
+      });
+
+      executeStep.mockImplementation(
+        () =>
+          new Promise((resolve) =>
+            setTimeout(() => resolve({ success: true, output: "done" }), 20),
+          ),
+      );
+
+      // No gap between the two: the in-flight slot used to be claimed several
+      // awaits after it was checked, so both runs got through.
+      const engine = AutomationEngine.getInstance();
+      const [first, second] = await Promise.all([
+        engine.run({ automationId: 1, triggerType: "manual" }),
+        engine.run({ automationId: 1, triggerType: "manual" }),
+      ]);
+
+      expect([first.status, second.status].sort()).toEqual([
+        "skipped",
+        "success",
+      ]);
+      expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("releases the in-flight slot when the run row cannot be created", async () => {
+      defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" })]);
+      repository.createRun.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("db down"));
+
+      const engine = AutomationEngine.getInstance();
+      const failed = await engine.run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+      expect(failed.status).toBe("failed");
+
+      // A leaked slot would make every later run skip forever.
+      const after = await engine.run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+      expect(after.status).toBe("success");
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("propagates the dry-run flag to executors", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "http" })], { dryRun: true });
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    const context = executeStep.mock.calls[0][1] as { dryRun: boolean };
+    expect(context.dryRun).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("lets a caller force a dry run on a live automation", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "http" })], { dryRun: false });
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+      dryRun: true,
+    });
+
+    const context = executeStep.mock.calls[0][1] as { dryRun: boolean };
+    expect(context.dryRun).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("fails cleanly when the automation is missing", async () => {
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 404,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+    expect(outcome).toMatchObject({ status: "failed", runId: null });
+  });
+
+  it("fails cleanly when the definition is not valid JSON", async () => {
+    automations.set(1, {
+      id: 1,
+      userId: "user-1",
+      name: "Broken",
+      enabled: true,
+      definition: "not json",
+      concurrencyPolicy: "skip",
+      maxRunSeconds: 300,
+      dryRun: false,
+    });
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("failed");
+    expect(outcome.error).toMatch(/not valid JSON/);
+  });
+
+  it("turns a thrown executor error into a failed step", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" })]);
+    executeStep.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("connection reset"));
+
+    const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(outcome.status).toBe("failed");
+    expect(runSteps[0].status).toBe("failed");
+    expect(String(runSteps[0].error)).toMatch(/connection reset/);
+  });
+
+  it("truncates very large step output", async () => {
+    defineAutomation([step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" })]);
+    executeStep.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      success: true,
+      output: "x".repeat(40_000),
+    });
+
+    await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+      automationId: 1,
+      triggerType: "manual",
+    });
+
+    expect(runSteps[0].truncated).toBe(true);
+    expect(String(runSteps[0].output)).toMatch(/truncated/);
+  });
+
+  it("stops once the run deadline has passed", async () => {
+    defineAutomation(
+      [step({ id: "a", type: "run_command" }), step({ id: "b", type: "http" })],
+      { maxRunSeconds: 1 },
+    );
+
+    // The first step consumes the whole budget, so the second must not start.
+    executeStep.mockImplementationOnce(async () => {
+      vi.setSystemTime(Date.now() + 5_000);
+      return { success: true, output: "slow" };
+    });
+
+    vi.useFakeTimers({ shouldAdvanceTime: true });
+    try {
+      const outcome = await AutomationEngine.getInstance().run({
+        automationId: 1,
+        triggerType: "manual",
+      });
+
+      expect(outcome.status).toBe("timeout");
+      expect(executeStep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    } finally {
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    }
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/headless-viewer.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const listAutomationWatchedHosts = vi.fn();
+vi.mock("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/triggers.js", () => ({
+  listAutomationWatchedHosts: () => listAutomationWatchedHosts(),
+}));
+
+const {
+  automationSessionId,
+  reconcileHeadlessViewers,
+  releaseHeadlessViewers,
+  setViewerRegistry,
+} =
+  await import("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/headless-viewer.js");
+
+const registry = {
+  registerViewer: vi.fn(),
+  unregisterViewer: vi.fn(),
+  updateHeartbeat: vi.fn(() => true),
+};
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  // Drop any viewers the previous test left behind before the mocks are
+  // cleared, so those unregister calls are not counted against this test.
+  releaseHeadlessViewers();
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+  setViewerRegistry(registry);
+  listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(new Map());
+});
+
+describe("reconcileHeadlessViewers", () => {
+  it("registers a synthetic viewer for each watched host", async () => {
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Map([
+        [7, "user-1"],
+        [9, "user-2"],
+      ]),
+    );
+
+    const result = await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    expect(result.added).toBe(2);
+    expect(registry.registerViewer).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      7,
+      "automation:7",
+      "user-1",
+    );
+    expect(registry.registerViewer).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      9,
+      "automation:9",
+      "user-2",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("heartbeats instead of re-registering a host it already holds", async () => {
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(new Map([[7, "user-1"]]));
+    await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+    registry.registerViewer.mockClear();
+
+    const second = await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    // The 120s reaper drops viewers with a stale heartbeat, so every tick has
+    // to refresh the ones it is keeping.
+    expect(registry.updateHeartbeat).toHaveBeenCalledWith("automation:7");
+    expect(registry.registerViewer).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(second.added).toBe(0);
+    expect(second.active).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("releases a viewer once no automation watches the host", async () => {
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(new Map([[7, "user-1"]]));
+    await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(new Map());
+    const result = await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    expect(result.removed).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.active).toBe(0);
+    expect(registry.unregisterViewer).toHaveBeenCalledWith(7, "automation:7");
+  });
+
+  it("does nothing when no registry has been wired up", async () => {
+    setViewerRegistry(null);
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(new Map([[7, "user-1"]]));
+
+    const result = await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ added: 0, removed: 0, active: 0 });
+    expect(registry.registerViewer).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("keeps going when the watch list cannot be loaded", async () => {
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockRejectedValue(new Error("db down"));
+    await expect(reconcileHeadlessViewers()).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      added: 0,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("survives a registry that throws on register", async () => {
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Map([
+        [7, "user-1"],
+        [8, "user-1"],
+      ]),
+    );
+    registry.registerViewer.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw new Error("nope");
+    });
+
+    const result = await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    // One host failing must not stop the other from being registered.
+    expect(result.added).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("releaseHeadlessViewers", () => {
+  it("drops every viewer it is holding", async () => {
+    listAutomationWatchedHosts.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Map([
+        [7, "user-1"],
+        [8, "user-1"],
+      ]),
+    );
+    await reconcileHeadlessViewers();
+
+    releaseHeadlessViewers();
+
+    expect(registry.unregisterViewer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("automationSessionId", () => {
+  it("namespaces the session so it cannot collide with a real viewer", () => {
+    expect(automationSessionId(42)).toBe("automation:42");
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/notify.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const automationFetch = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/http.js", () => ({
+  automationFetch: (...args: unknown[]) => automationFetch(...args),
+}));
+
+const { sendAutomationNotification } =
+  await import("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/notify.js");
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  automationFetch.mockReset();
+  automationFetch.mockResolvedValue({ ok: true });
+});
+
+describe("sendAutomationNotification", () => {
+  it("keeps alert-compatible host and rule fields in webhook payloads", async () => {
+    await sendAutomationNotification(
+      { id: 1, type: "webhook", config: '{"url":"https://example.com"}' },
+      {
+        title: "CPU warning",
+        body: "cpu.percent is at 97",
+        severity: "warning",
+        context: {
+          host: { id: 11, name: "Proxmox Node" },
+          trigger: { value: 97, threshold: 90 },
+          run: { automationId: 42 },
+        },
+      },
+    );
+
+    const options = automationFetch.mock.calls[0][1] as RequestInit;
+    expect(JSON.parse(options.body as string)).toMatchObject({
+      hostName: "Proxmox Node",
+      hostId: 11,
+      ruleName: "CPU warning",
+      ruleId: 42,
+      value: 97,
+      threshold: 90,
+      message: "cpu.percent is at 97",
+    });
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/routes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+import crypto from "node:crypto";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { Request, Response, Router } from "express";
+import type { AutomationDefinition } from "../../../../types/automations.js";
+
+/**
+ * Route-level behaviour: validation, ownership and webhook token handling. The repository and engine are mocked; what matters here is what
+ * the HTTP layer accepts, rejects and hands back.
+ */
+
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  currentUserId: "user-1",
+  rows: [] as Array<Record<string, unknown>>,
+  nextId: 1,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../database/db/index.js", () => ({ db: {} }));
+
+vi.mock("../../../utils/logger.js", () => ({
+  databaseLogger: {
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    success: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+const repository = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  list: vi.fn(),
+  findForUser: vi.fn(),
+  create: vi.fn(),
+  update: vi.fn(),
+  delete: vi.fn(),
+  listAllEnabled: vi.fn(),
+  listRuns: vi.fn(),
+  findRunForUser: vi.fn(),
+  listRunSteps: vi.fn(),
+  upsertSchedule: vi.fn(),
+  deleteSchedule: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../database/repositories/factory.js", () => ({
+  createCurrentAutomationRepository: () => repository,
+}));
+
+const run = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+vi.mock("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/engine.js", () => ({
+  AutomationEngine: { getInstance: () => ({ run }) },
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../database/routes/automation-dispatch.js", () => ({
+  registerAutomationsRouter: vi.fn(),
+  unregisterAutomationsRouter: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../utils/permission-manager.js", () => ({
+  PermissionManager: {
+    getInstance: () => ({
+      requirePermission:
+        () => (_req: unknown, _res: unknown, next: () => void) =>
+          next(),
+    }),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../utils/auth-manager.js", () => ({
+  AuthManager: {
+    getInstance: () => ({
+      createAuthMiddleware:
+        () =>
+        (req: Record<string, unknown>, _res: unknown, next: () => void) => {
+          req.userId = state.currentUserId;
+          next();
+        },
+      createDataAccessMiddleware:
+        () => (_req: unknown, _res: unknown, next: () => void) =>
+          next(),
+    }),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../../../utils/audit-logger.js", () => ({
+  logAudit: vi.fn(async () => undefined),
+  getAuditUsername: vi.fn(async () => "alice"),
+  getRequestMeta: () => ({ ipAddress: "127.0.0.1", userAgent: "test" }),
+}));
+
+const { router } =
+  await import("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/routes.js");
+
+/** Runs the whole middleware chain for the route, not just its handler. */
+async function invoke(
+  method: string,
+  path: string,
+  overrides: {
+    body?: Record<string, unknown>;
+    params?: Record<string, unknown>;
+    query?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  } = {},
+) {
+  const stack = (router as unknown as Router).stack as Array<{
+    route?: {
+      path: string;
+      methods: Record<string, boolean>;
+      stack: Array<{ handle: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown }>;
+    };
+  }>;
+  const layer = stack.find(
+    (l) => l.route?.path === path && l.route?.methods[method],
+  );
+  if (!layer?.route) throw new Error(`No route for ${method} ${path}`);
+
+  const req = {
+    userId: state.currentUserId,
+    body: overrides.body ?? {},
+    params: overrides.params ?? {},
+    query: overrides.query ?? {},
+    headers: {},
+  } as unknown as Request;
+
+  const res = {
+    statusCode: 200,
+    jsonBody: null as unknown,
+    status(code: number) {
+      (this as unknown as { statusCode: number }).statusCode = code;
+      return this;
+    },
+    json(payload: unknown) {
+      (this as unknown as { jsonBody: unknown }).jsonBody = payload;
+      return this;
+    },
+  } as unknown as Response & { statusCode: number; jsonBody: unknown };
+
+  for (const entry of layer.route.stack) {
+    let advanced = false;
+    await entry.handle(req, res, () => {
+      advanced = true;
+    });
+    if (!advanced) break;
+  }
+
+  return res as unknown as {
+    statusCode: number;
+    jsonBody: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+  };
+}
+
+function definition(
+  overrides: Partial<AutomationDefinition> = {},
+): AutomationDefinition {
+  return {
+    version: 1,
+    trigger: {
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    },
+    steps: [{ id: "a", type: "notify", channelIds: [1] }],
+    ...overrides,
+  } as AutomationDefinition;
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  state.currentUserId = "user-1";
+  state.rows = [];
+  state.nextId = 1;
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+  repository.list.mockImplementation(async (userId: string) =>
+    state.rows.filter((row) => row.user_id === userId),
+  );
+  repository.findForUser.mockImplementation(
+    async (id: number, userId: string) =>
+      state.rows.find((row) => row.id === id && row.user_id === userId) ?? null,
+  );
+  repository.create.mockImplementation(
+    async (input: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      const row = {
+        id: state.nextId++,
+        user_id: input.userId,
+        name: input.name,
+        definition: input.definition,
+        enabled: input.enabled === false ? 0 : 1,
+        channels: input.channels ?? [],
+      };
+      state.rows.push(row);
+      return row;
+    },
+  );
+  repository.delete.mockImplementation(async (id: number, userId: string) => {
+    const index = state.rows.findIndex(
+      (row) => row.id === id && row.user_id === userId,
+    );
+    if (index === -1) return false;
+    state.rows.splice(index, 1);
+    return true;
+  });
+  repository.listAllEnabled.mockImplementation(async () =>
+    state.rows.map((row) => ({
+      id: row.id,
+      userId: row.user_id,
+      definition: row.definition,
+      enabled: true,
+    })),
+  );
+  repository.upsertSchedule.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+  repository.deleteSchedule.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+  run.mockResolvedValue({ runId: 1, status: "success" });
+});
+
+describe("POST /", () => {
+  it("creates an automation from a valid definition", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: { name: "Disk watch", definition: definition() },
+    });
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(201);
+    expect(res.jsonBody?.name).toBe("Disk watch");
+  });
+
+  it("requires a name", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: { definition: definition() },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/name/i);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an unknown trigger kind", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Bad",
+        definition: { version: 1, trigger: { kind: "nope" }, steps: [] },
+      },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/trigger/i);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an unknown operator", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Bad",
+        definition: definition({
+          trigger: {
+            kind: "metric_threshold",
+            hostSelector: { kind: "all" },
+            metric: { path: "cpu.percent" },
+            operator: "~=",
+            value: 1,
+            cooldownMinutes: 5,
+          },
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/operator/i);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an unknown step type", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Bad",
+        definition: definition({
+          steps: [{ id: "a", type: "launch_missiles" }],
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/step type/i);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects duplicate step ids, including inside a branch", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Bad",
+        definition: definition({
+          steps: [
+            { id: "dup", type: "wait", seconds: 1 },
+            {
+              id: "branch",
+              type: "if",
+              condition: { left: "1", operator: "==", right: "1" },
+              then: [{ id: "dup", type: "wait", seconds: 1 }],
+            },
+          ],
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/duplicate/i);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an invalid cron expression", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Bad",
+        definition: definition({
+          trigger: { kind: "schedule", cron: "not a cron" },
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/cron/i);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an interval under a minute", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Bad",
+        definition: definition({
+          trigger: { kind: "schedule", intervalSeconds: 5 },
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(String(res.jsonBody?.error)).toMatch(/60 seconds/i);
+  });
+
+  it("registers a schedule for a schedule trigger", async () => {
+    await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Nightly",
+        definition: definition({
+          trigger: { kind: "schedule", cron: "0 2 * * *" },
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+    expect(repository.upsertSchedule).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("returns a webhook token once and stores only its hash", async () => {
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Hooked",
+        definition: definition({
+          trigger: { kind: "webhook", tokenHash: "" },
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(201);
+    const token = res.jsonBody?.webhookToken as string;
+    expect(token).toMatch(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/);
+
+    const stored = JSON.parse(state.rows[0].definition as string);
+    expect(stored.trigger.tokenHash).not.toBe(token);
+    expect(stored.trigger.tokenHash).toBe(
+      crypto.createHash("sha256").update(token).digest("hex"),
+    );
+
+    // The hash is never echoed back to the client.
+    const body = res.jsonBody as { definition: AutomationDefinition };
+    expect((body.definition.trigger as { tokenHash: string }).tokenHash).toBe(
+      "",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("stores the automation against the caller, not a supplied user id", async () => {
+    // Authorization here is ownership, the same as the other data routes:
+    // every read and write is scoped to req.userId, so a client cannot create
+    // an automation that belongs to somebody else.
+    await invoke("post", "/", {
+      body: {
+        name: "Mine",
+        definition: definition(),
+        userId: "user-2",
+        user_id: "user-2",
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(state.rows).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(state.rows[0].user_id).toBe("user-1");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("GET /", () => {
+  it("only returns the caller's automations", async () => {
+    state.rows.push({
+      id: 1,
+      user_id: "user-2",
+      name: "Theirs",
+      definition: JSON.stringify(definition()),
+      channels: [],
+    });
+
+    const res = await invoke("get", "/");
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(res.jsonBody).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("DELETE /:id", () => {
+  it("will not delete another user's automation", async () => {
+    state.rows.push({
+      id: 1,
+      user_id: "user-2",
+      name: "Theirs",
+      definition: JSON.stringify(definition()),
+      channels: [],
+    });
+
+    const res = await invoke("delete", "/:id", { params: { id: "1" } });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(404);
+    expect(state.rows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("POST /:id/run", () => {
+  function seedOwned() {
+    state.rows.push({
+      id: 1,
+      user_id: "user-1",
+      name: "Mine",
+      definition: JSON.stringify(definition()),
+      channels: [],
+    });
+  }
+
+  it("runs an owned automation", async () => {
+    seedOwned();
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/:id/run", { params: { id: "1" } });
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ automationId: 1, triggerType: "manual" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("passes the dry-run flag through", async () => {
+    seedOwned();
+    await invoke("post", "/:id/run", {
+      params: { id: "1" },
+      body: { dryRun: true },
+    });
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ dryRun: true }));
+  });
+
+  it("refuses to run someone else's automation", async () => {
+    state.rows.push({
+      id: 1,
+      user_id: "user-2",
+      name: "Theirs",
+      definition: JSON.stringify(definition()),
+      channels: [],
+    });
+
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/:id/run", { params: { id: "1" } });
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(404);
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("POST /webhook/:token", () => {
+  function seedWebhook(token: string) {
+    state.rows.push({
+      id: 1,
+      user_id: "user-1",
+      name: "Hooked",
+      definition: JSON.stringify(
+        definition({
+          trigger: {
+            kind: "webhook",
+            tokenHash: crypto.createHash("sha256").update(token).digest("hex"),
+          },
+        } as Partial<AutomationDefinition>),
+      ),
+      channels: [],
+    });
+  }
+
+  it("runs the automation matching the token", async () => {
+    const token = "a".repeat(64);
+    seedWebhook(token);
+
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/webhook/:token", {
+      params: { token },
+      body: { hello: "world" },
+    });
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(202);
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ automationId: 1, triggerType: "webhook" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("rejects a token that does not match", async () => {
+    seedWebhook("a".repeat(64));
+
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/webhook/:token", {
+      params: { token: "b".repeat(64) },
+    });
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(404);
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects a token too short to be real", async () => {
+    seedWebhook("a".repeat(64));
+
+    const res = await invoke("post", "/webhook/:token", {
+      params: { token: "short" },
+    });
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(404);
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/template.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  hasUnresolvedTokens,
+  redactSecrets,
+  renderRecord,
+  renderTemplate,
+} from "../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/template.js";
+
+const context = {
+  host: { id: 7, name: "Zeus", ip: "10.0.0.5", username: "root", port: 22 },
+  trigger: { value: 93.4, mount: "/data" },
+  steps: { check: { stdout: "ok\n", stderr: "", code: 0 } },
+  vars: { target: "/var/log" },
+};
+
+describe("renderTemplate", () => {
+  it("substitutes host, trigger, step and var tokens", () => {
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{host.name}} at {{trigger.value}}%", context)).toBe(
+      "Zeus at 93.4%",
+    );
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{steps.check.stdout}}", context)).toBe("ok\n");
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{vars.target}}", context)).toBe("/var/log");
+  });
+
+  it("tolerates whitespace inside the braces", () => {
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{  host.name  }}", context)).toBe("Zeus");
+  });
+
+  it("leaves unknown tokens in place so typos are visible", () => {
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{host.nope}}", context)).toBe("{{host.nope}}");
+    expect(hasUnresolvedTokens(renderTemplate("{{host.nope}}", context))).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("returns the input untouched when there is nothing to render", () => {
+    expect(renderTemplate("plain text", context)).toBe("plain text");
+    expect(renderTemplate("", context)).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("does not escape or alter shell metacharacters", () => {
+    // Quoting is the caller's job; this keeps that boundary explicit.
+    const rendered = renderTemplate("{{vars.payload}}", {
+      vars: { payload: "; rm -rf /" },
+    });
+    expect(rendered).toBe("; rm -rf /");
+  });
+
+  it("does not recursively expand a value that looks like a token", () => {
+    const rendered = renderTemplate("{{vars.a}}", {
+      vars: { a: "{{vars.b}}", b: "gotcha" },
+    });
+    expect(rendered).toBe("{{vars.b}}");
+  });
+
+  it("serializes objects rather than printing [object Object]", () => {
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{trigger}}", { trigger: { a: 1 } })).toBe(
+      '{"a":1}',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("renders missing branches as the literal token", () => {
+    expect(renderTemplate("{{steps.other.stdout}}", context)).toBe(
+      "{{steps.other.stdout}}",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("renderRecord", () => {
+  it("renders values and leaves keys alone", () => {
+    expect(renderRecord({ "X-Host": "{{host.name}}" }, context)).toEqual({
+      "X-Host": "Zeus",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("passes undefined through", () => {
+    expect(renderRecord(undefined, context)).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("redactSecrets", () => {
+  it("masks credential-shaped keys", () => {
+    expect(
+      redactSecrets({
+        Authorization: "Bearer abc",
+        "X-Api-Key": "k",
+        token: "t",
+        password: "p",
+        Accept: "application/json",
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      Authorization: "***",
+      "X-Api-Key": "***",
+      token: "***",
+      password: "***",
+      Accept: "application/json",
+    });
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/automations/triggers.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type {
+  AutomationDefinition,
+  Trigger,
+} from "../../../../types/automations.js";
+
+/**
+ * Trigger matching, dwell windows and cooldowns. The repository and the engine
+ * are mocked so these tests only exercise the decision of whether to fire.
+ */
+
+interface FakeRow {
+  id: number;
+  userId: string;
+  name: string;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  definition: string;
+  concurrencyPolicy: string;
+  maxRunSeconds: number;
+  dryRun: boolean;
+}
+
+const rows: FakeRow[] = [];
+const triggerState = new Map<string, Record<string, unknown>>();
+
+const repository = {
+  listEnabledForUser: vi.fn(async (userId: string) =>
+    rows.filter((row) => row.userId === userId && row.enabled),
+  ),
+  listAllEnabled: vi.fn(async () => rows.filter((row) => row.enabled)),
+  getTriggerState: vi.fn(async (automationId: number, stateKey: string) => {
+    return triggerState.get(`${automationId}:${stateKey}`) ?? null;
+  }),
+  upsertTriggerState: vi.fn(async (input: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const key = `${input.automationId}:${input.stateKey}`;
+    triggerState.set(key, { ...(triggerState.get(key) ?? {}), ...input });
+  }),
+  clearBreach: vi.fn(async (automationId: number, stateKey: string) => {
+    const key = `${automationId}:${stateKey}`;
+    const existing = triggerState.get(key);
+    if (existing) existing.breachStartedAt = null;
+  }),
+};
+
+vi.mock("../../../database/repositories/factory.js", () => ({
+  createCurrentAutomationRepository: () => repository,
+}));
+
+const run = vi.fn(async () => ({ runId: 1, status: "success" as const }));
+vi.mock("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/engine.js", () => ({
+  AutomationEngine: { getInstance: () => ({ run }) },
+}));
+
+const triggers =
+  await import("../../../../../plugins/automations/backend/triggers.js");
+
+function addAutomation(trigger: Trigger, overrides: Partial<FakeRow> = {}) {
+  const definition: AutomationDefinition = { version: 1, trigger, steps: [] };
+  const row: FakeRow = {
+    id: overrides.id ?? rows.length + 1,
+    userId: overrides.userId ?? "user-1",
+    name: "Test",
+    enabled: overrides.enabled ?? true,
+    definition: JSON.stringify(definition),
+    concurrencyPolicy: "skip",
+    maxRunSeconds: 300,
+    dryRun: false,
+  };
+  rows.push(row);
+  return row;
+}
+
+const diskMetrics = {
+  disk: {
+    percent: 30,
+    filesystems: [
+      { mount: "/", percent: 30 },
+      { mount: "/data", percent: 93 },
+    ],
+  },
+};
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  rows.length = 0;
+  triggerState.clear();
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+});
+
+describe("onMetrics", () => {
+  it("fires immediately when no dwell window is set", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(run.mock.calls[0][0]).toMatchObject({
+      triggerType: "metric_threshold",
+      triggerHostId: 7,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("watches the named mount rather than the aggregate", async () => {
+    // Root is at 30%, so a rule on / must not fire at a 90% threshold.
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("opens a dwell window instead of firing on the first sample", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      forSeconds: 600,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(triggerState.get(`${row.id}:7:/data`)).toMatchObject({
+      breachStartedAt: expect.any(String),
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("fires once the dwell window has elapsed", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      forSeconds: 600,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7:/data`, {
+      breachStartedAt: new Date(Date.now() - 700_000).toISOString(),
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("clears the window as soon as the value recovers", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 95,
+      forSeconds: 600,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7:/data`, {
+      breachStartedAt: new Date(Date.now() - 700_000).toISOString(),
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(repository.clearBreach).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("stays quiet while the cooldown is open", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7:/data`, {
+      lastFiredAt: new Date(Date.now() - 60_000).toISOString(),
+      breachStartedAt: new Date(Date.now() - 700_000).toISOString(),
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("ignores hosts outside the selector", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 99 },
+      metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("never evaluates another user's automations", async () => {
+    addAutomation(
+      {
+        kind: "metric_threshold",
+        hostSelector: { kind: "all" },
+        metric: { path: "disk.percent", mount: "/data" },
+        operator: ">",
+        value: 90,
+        cooldownMinutes: 15,
+      },
+      { userId: "user-2" },
+    );
+
+    await triggers.onMetrics({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      metrics: diskMetrics,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("onStatus", () => {
+  it("treats the first observation as a baseline", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "host_status",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      to: "offline",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onStatus({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      online: false,
+    });
+
+    // Otherwise every host would announce itself after a restart.
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("fires on a transition into the watched state", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "host_status",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      to: "offline",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7`, { lastObservedState: "online" });
+
+    await triggers.onStatus({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      online: false,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("does not fire on a transition in the other direction", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "host_status",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      to: "offline",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7`, { lastObservedState: "offline" });
+
+    await triggers.onStatus({ hostId: 7, ownerUserId: "user-1", online: true });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("stays quiet while the state is unchanged", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "host_status",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      to: "offline",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7`, { lastObservedState: "offline" });
+
+    await triggers.onStatus({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      online: false,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("onHealthCheck", () => {
+  it("fires when a check transitions to failing", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "health_check",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      to: "failing",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7:web`, { lastObservedState: "recovered" });
+
+    await triggers.onHealthCheck({
+      hostId: 7,
+      userId: "user-1",
+      checkId: "web",
+      ok: false,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores a different check id", async () => {
+    const row = addAutomation({
+      kind: "health_check",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      checkId: "db",
+      to: "failing",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+    triggerState.set(`${row.id}:7:web`, { lastObservedState: "recovered" });
+
+    await triggers.onHealthCheck({
+      hostId: 7,
+      userId: "user-1",
+      checkId: "web",
+      ok: false,
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("onDockerEvent", () => {
+  it("fires for a matching container and event", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "docker_event",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      container: "api",
+      event: "exited",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onDockerEvent({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      container: "api",
+      event: "exited",
+    });
+
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores a different container", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "docker_event",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 7 },
+      container: "api",
+      event: "exited",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+
+    await triggers.onDockerEvent({
+      hostId: 7,
+      ownerUserId: "user-1",
+      container: "worker",
+      event: "exited",
+    });
+
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("listAutomationWatchedHosts", () => {
+  it("collects hosts from metric triggers so they can be polled headlessly", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "metric_threshold",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "hosts", hostIds: [3, 4] },
+      metric: { path: "cpu.percent" },
+      operator: ">",
+      value: 90,
+      cooldownMinutes: 15,
+    });
+
+    const watched = await triggers.listAutomationWatchedHosts();
+
+    expect([...watched.keys()].sort()).toEqual([3, 4]);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores triggers that do not need heavy collection", async () => {
+    addAutomation({
+      kind: "host_status",
+      hostSelector: { kind: "host", hostId: 3 },
+      to: "offline",
+      cooldownMinutes: 0,
+    });
+
+    expect((await triggers.listAutomationWatchedHosts()).size).toBe(0);
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/bundled-plugin.test.ts

@@ -283,3 +283,44 @@ describe("bundled fleets plugin", () => {
     expect(source).toMatch(/export async function deactivate/);
   });
 });
+
+describe("bundled automations plugin", () => {
+  it("ships a directory with a manifest and both entry points", () => {
+    const dir = path.join(getBundledPluginsDir(), "automations");
+
+    expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(dir, "manifest.json"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(dir, "backend", "index.mjs"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(dir, "frontend", "index.mjs"))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("has a manifest that passes the real validator", () => {
+    const { manifest, errors } = parseManifest(
+      readBundledManifest("automations"),
+    );
+
+    expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+    expect(manifest?.id).toBe("automations");
+    expect(manifest?.category).toBe("Infrastructure");
+  });
+
+  it("declares the transport-owner capability and qualifies for the tier", () => {
+    const { manifest } = parseManifest(readBundledManifest("automations"));
+
+    expect(manifest?.permissions).toContain(TRANSPORT_OWNER_CAPABILITY);
+    expect(isFirstParty("automations")).toBe(true);
+    expect(runsInProcess("automations", manifest!.permissions)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("exports activate and deactivate from its backend entry", () => {
+    const entry = path.join(
+      getBundledPluginsDir(),
+      "automations",
+      "backend",
+      "index.mjs",
+    );
+    const source = fs.readFileSync(entry, "utf8");
+
+    expect(source).toMatch(/export async function activate/);
+    expect(source).toMatch(/export async function deactivate/);
+  });
+});

src/backend/tests/plugins/first-party.test.ts

@@ -39,9 +39,10 @@ function manifest(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
 }
 
 describe("first-party allowlist", () => {
-  it("contains only ssh-terminal, docker, host-metrics, ai, proxmox, remote-desktop and fleets", () => {
+  it("contains only ssh-terminal, docker, host-metrics, ai, proxmox, remote-desktop, fleets and automations", () => {
     expect([...FIRST_PARTY_PLUGIN_IDS].sort()).toEqual([
       "ai",
+      "automations",
       "docker",
       "fleets",
       "host-metrics",
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ describe("first-party allowlist", () => {
     ]);
   });
 
-  it("recognises ssh-terminal, docker, host-metrics, ai, proxmox, remote-desktop and fleets and nothing else", () => {
+  it("recognises ssh-terminal, docker, host-metrics, ai, proxmox, remote-desktop, fleets and automations and nothing else", () => {
     expect(isFirstParty("ssh-terminal")).toBe(true);
     expect(isFirstParty("docker")).toBe(true);
     expect(isFirstParty("host-metrics")).toBe(true);
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ describe("first-party allowlist", () => {
     expect(isFirstParty("proxmox")).toBe(true);
     expect(isFirstParty("remote-desktop")).toBe(true);
     expect(isFirstParty("fleets")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isFirstParty("automations")).toBe(true);
     expect(isFirstParty("ssh-terminal-pro")).toBe(false);
     expect(isFirstParty("community-plugin")).toBe(false);
     expect(isFirstParty("")).toBe(false);
@@ -79,6 +81,10 @@ describe("runsInProcess", () => {
     expect(runsInProcess("remote-desktop", [TRANSPORT_OWNER_CAPABILITY])).toBe(
       true,
     );
+    expect(runsInProcess("fleets", [TRANSPORT_OWNER_CAPABILITY])).toBe(true);
+    expect(runsInProcess("automations", [TRANSPORT_OWNER_CAPABILITY])).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
 
     // On the list but not asking for it: stays in a worker, so the manifest
     // remains an honest description of what the plugin does.
@@ -88,6 +94,8 @@ describe("runsInProcess", () => {
     expect(runsInProcess("ai", ["hosts.read"])).toBe(false);
     expect(runsInProcess("proxmox", ["hosts.read"])).toBe(false);
     expect(runsInProcess("remote-desktop", ["hosts.read"])).toBe(false);
+    expect(runsInProcess("fleets", ["hosts.read"])).toBe(false);
+    expect(runsInProcess("automations", ["hosts.read"])).toBe(false);
 
     // Asking for it but not on the list.
     expect(
@@ -179,6 +187,18 @@ describe("manifest gate on the reserved capability", () => {
     expect(parsed?.id).toBe("proxmox");
   });
 
+  it("allows it for automations", () => {
+    const { manifest: parsed, errors } = parseManifest(
+      manifest({
+        id: "automations",
+        permissions: [TRANSPORT_OWNER_CAPABILITY],
+      }),
+    );
+
+    expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+    expect(parsed?.id).toBe("automations");
+  });
+
   it("still accepts an ordinary manifest that never mentions it", () => {
     const { manifest: parsed, errors } = parseManifest(
       manifest({ permissions: ["hosts.read"] }),